Current detailed outline drawings are available on request. High power microwave system based on power combining. Technical specification multibeam sband klystron type. The layout of klystrons and waveguide components of the high power microwave system are shown as fig. This article is part of wikiproject electronics, an attempt to provide a standard approach to writing articles about electronics on wikipedia. High power microwave system based on power combining and. All modern klystrons are amplifiers, since reflex klystrons, which were used as oscillators in the past, have been surpassed by alternative technologies. Ph0101 unit 2 lecture 6 2 reflex klystrons the reflex klystron has been the most used source of microwave power in laboratory. Klystrons introduction this bulletin describes a simple method for determining vacuum quality in any klystron that is equipped with a modulating anode but does not have an integral vacion pump.
Klystrons and microwave triodes can be used as superregenerative receivers, of course, but these receivers have not found wide application in the microwave region. Edit any document, including images, paragraphs and pages. A cd is attached and can be used to run the mathcad and magic codes. They are useful over an extremely broad frequency range, from low uhf 200 mhz to wband 100 ghz. The brothers russell and sigurd varian of stanford university are generally considered to be the inventors of the klystron. Convert pdf to word free online pdf to word converter. At least a few words about spare thyratrons and klystrons. The simulations were performed by using the electromagnetic simulator mafia. Klystrons, rf sources, particle in cell codes, computer simulation.
We built the klystrons in small bunches two or three at a time. Klystrons are velocitymodulated tubes that are used in some radar equipments as amplifiers. Veljak, sincrotrone trieste, trieste, italia abstract the conventional line type modulators now in use for elettra will have to be replaced for fermi due to the increase in the pulse repetition frequency prf from 10 to 50 hz 1. Ph0101 unit 2 lecture 6 3 construction a reflex klystron consists of an electron gun, a cavity with a pair. A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube evacuated electron tube. The multi cavity klystron consist of a glass envelope in which there is an electron gun composed of heater and cathode. Edit any pdf file, including all images, paragraphs, and pages.
Convert pdf files to and from any microsoft office formaton the desktop with nitro pro or in any web browser with nitro cloud. Reflex klystron oscillator pdf source of an electronbeam and the radiofrequency por tion of the klystron is independent of the electron source. Create pdf files from scratch, or merge and combine documents. The conventional vacuum tubes, such as triodes, tetrodes, and pentodes, are still used as signal sources of low output. The business declaration form is not included as part of the 15 doublespaced, singlesided pages. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit the article attached to this page, or visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a list of open tasks. Normally, multibeam klystrons are focused with powerful magnetic fields, but this type of focusing is complex, expensive and adds considerable weight and size to the device. They are also difficult to manufacture, and for decades they have been produced by just a few laboratories. A reflex klystron consists of an electron gun, a cavity with a pair of grids and a repeller plate as shown in the above diagram. Storing and operating spare uhftv klystrons most uhftv station engineers use their spare klystrons only in emergency situations. The electronic response submitted by interested offerors should be in a portable document format pdf or microsoft word format. Aquifers ru ru a stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel that will yield a significant quantity of water. A klystron uses one or more special cavities, which modulate the electric field around the axis the tube.
A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by american electrical. It should be noted, as a point of similarity between the klystrons and the microwave triodes, that the requirements of each of. Advantages of bt258ab low working voltage less than half when compared to similar rf power single beam klystrons. Marcel gaudreau1, michael kempkes1, rebecca simpson1 jean luc lancelot2, julien domenge2 1 diversified technologies, inc. Klystrons are the sine qua non of particle accelerators. Submission should not exceed fifteen 15 pages in length excluding illustrations. Pdf an overview is provided for the novel relativistic klystron amplifiers which are under active study at the naval research laboratory. Increasing klystron efficiency using com and bac tuning and application to the 5045 klystron aaron jensen, andy haase, erik jongewaard, mark kemp and jeff neilson technology and innovation directorate slac national accelerator laboratory menlo park, ca, usa, 94025 abstract. This index is a list of forth words that have glossary entries within this manual. Hollowbeam klystron design for the international linear. Find the pdf, and open it you might have to select browse and find the pdf in a folder. Magic2d simulations of high efficiency hollow beam klystrons.
Klystrons, lightly humming machines that convert electron beams into microwaves, are the heart of linear accelerators in laboratories and medical facilities around the world. Word tells you that its going to make a copy of the pdf and convert its contents into a format that word can display. Hollowbeam klystron design for the international linear collider stanley humphries field precision llc, albuquerque, nm 87192 usa and patrick ferguson mds company, oakland, ca 94611 usa abstractwe describe the capabilities of an integrated software suite for the design of highpower klystrons. The pseudogreek word klystron comes from the stem form. Mit radiation lab series, v7, klystrons and microwave tr. Four klystron operation the recent decision to move to 4 klystrons per modulator raises the pulse current to 100 a peak, and requires 660 kw average power.
Other l3harris highpower klystrons are used for weather radar, scientific research, and air traffic control applications. A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by american electrical engineers russell and sigurd varian, which is used as an amplifier for high radio frequencies, from uhf up into the microwave range. A helix twt amplifier consists of a cathode, a collector, and a helix that allows the rf to interact with the electron beam. In other words, the klystron will have acted as a radio frequency amplifier. The major modification is achieving the average power. Lowpower klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay. No doubt materials and methods have changed since the 1950s, but fundamentally klystrons of today are the same as klystrons then. Lowpower klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay communications links, while highpower klystrons are used as output tubes. Jan 31, 2019 the one place tubes remain are in microwave oven.
Specifications and features are subject to change without notice. When storing uhftv klystrons as spares, the water lines should be drained and blown dry. Soon the klystron became not just an individual tube but a circuit component and we could explore its utility in a number of conventional combinations. Convert pdf files to and from any microsoft office format. Slac began to develop the xl series of klystrons in 1989 as part of a push by the does office of high energy physics to develop technology for the proposed next linear collider. Ridenour as editorinchief to lead and direct the entire project. A klystron tube makes use of speedcontrolled streams of electrons that pass through a resonating cavity. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the high power microwave system, a control and protection system based on. The care and feeding of power klystrons franks electron tube. The conventional vacuum tubes, such as triodes, tetrodes, and pentodes, are. Klystrons are the most efficient of linear beam tubes and are capable of the highest peak and average powers. This free online pdf to doc converter allows you to convert a pdf document to microsoft word doc format, providing better quality than many other converters.
There are two cavities known as buncher and catcher cavity. To perform this gas check, the klystron electron gun operates as a triode ionization gauge, as shown in the circuit diagram. After the electron gun there are two focusing electrodes used to keep the electron beam in the center around the glass envelope. Increasing klystron efficiency using com and bac tuning and application to the 5045 klystron aaron jensen, andy haase, erik jongewaard, mark kemp and jeff neilson technology and innovation directorate. The microprocessor contains some of the klystron control algorithms and various interfacing functions. A reflex klystron is an obsolete type in which the electron beam was reflected.
Lowpower klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay communications links, while highpower klystrons are used as output tubes in uhf television. Optimization of micromachined reflex klystrons for operation at. To realize optimum overall performance and life from these klystrons, it is recommended that the following steps be taken. Klystron tube technologies for very highpower applications, such as synchrotrons and radar systems, have since been developed. Klystrons make use of the transittime effect by varying the velocity of an electron beam. Klystron tube article about klystron tube by the free. High efficiency performance due to the stateofart bunching alignment collecting bac beam technology. Klystron, thermionic electron tube that generates or amplifies microwaves by controlling the speed of a stream of electrons. The electrons are originally accelerated to high velocity by a potential of several hundred volts and enter a narrow gap that forms part of a cavity resonator system see. Klystron multi cavity klystron, reflex klystron, working. The feedback required to maintain oscillations within the cavity is obtained by reversing the beam and sending it back through the cavity.
Mark iii electron accelerator employed the first megawattlevel klystrons in the world. The modulation or electron bunching again induces higheramplitude rf currents on the slowwave structure. Experiment4 study of the characteristics of the klystron tube. Inspire your inbox sign up for daily fun facts about this day in history, updates, and special offers.
Reflex klystrons the reflex klystron has been the most used source of microwave power in laboratory applications. Driving four ess klystrons is straightforward, and within the inherent capabilities of the design. Ability to work in air, without an oil tank, which reduces the installation weight. Slacpub16466 increasing klystron efficiency using com. Sc hilc her p aul scherrer institut, v illigen, switzerland abstract ev er higher demands for stability, accurac y, reproducibility, and monitoring. Word and math type and retained her sanity through dozens of editing iterations. Oct 01, 2014 microwave linearbeam tubes 0 type 90 introduction we turn now to a quantitative and qualitative analysis of several conventional vac uum tubes and microwave tubes in common use. Four klystron operation the recent decision to move to 4klystrons per modulator raises the pulse current to 100 a peak, and requires 660 kw average power. Klystron article about klystron by the free dictionary. Kevin haworth mit radiaton lab series, v6, microwave magnetrons kevin haworth. Ru ru arbor project aquiculture approximations 20000412 inis. The best quality pdf to word conversion on the market free and easy to use. Improvements and new designs for slac klystron modulators. One of the limiting factors for a klystrons efficiency lies with the bunch shape.
The klystron was invented at stanford university in 1937 and originally used as the oscillator in radar receivers during world war ii. Klystrons can either operate as narrowband amplifiers or oscillators. Aucune publicite et limite convertir pdf en word rapidement. Even though the nlc was not constructed, these klystrons have made numerous other advances and applications possible. The electron beam emitted from the cathode k is accelerated by the grid g and passes through the cavity anode a to the repeller space between the cavity anode and the repeller. Hollowbeam klystron design for the international linear collider. In a linearbeam tube a magnetic field whose axis coincides with that of the electron beam is used to hold the beam together as it travels the length of the tube. The gain of multicavity klystrons can be very high. Our klystron design with electrostatic focusing is light, inexpensive and amenable to volume production. Klystrons are an attractive rf drive for such accelerators, with stateoftheart tubes having efficiencies of up to 70% 3. Pdf relativistic klystron amplifiers driven by modulated intense. Technical specification multibeam sband klystron type bt258ab. Each word is listed with its stack effect and wordset.
L3harris edd manufactures mediumpower klystrons up to 50 kw, both pulsed and cw, for radars such as the hawk and nato sea sparrow systems, troposcatter systems such as the usaf trc170, and various satcom applications. Energy is extracted from the bunched beam by the same mechanism used to. The schematic diagram of a reflex klystron tube is shown in fig. The reflex klystron has been the most used source of microwave power in laboratory applications.
Electrons in a klystron are accelerated to a controlled speed by the application of several hundred volts. Klystron definition is an electron tube in which bunching of electrons is produced by electric fields and which is used for the generation and amplification of ultrahighfrequency current. One of the ap proximately ten subjobs running in the micro is dedicated to klystron control, and another subjob responsible for the tim ing of triggers to klystrons and other devices is also closely. Klystron amplifiers are high power microwave vacuum tubes. High power xband generation using multiple klystrons and pulse compression.
122 1445 220 196 1259 93 1632 1335 1633 469 520 1032 501 361 1381 87 353 1678 1627 264 197 4 1079 1614 1328 164 1475 1371 620 42 468 706 883 772 839 1253 1192 1202